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成锡忠:引人注目的对话地点
发布时间:2020年09月08日  来源:  作者:成锡忠  阅读:51

8月20日,巴基斯坦外长库雷希抵达中国海南省进行为期两天的访问,与中国国务委员兼外长王毅共同主持第二次中巴外长战略对话。


引人注目的对话地点


第二次中巴外长战略对话为何安排在海南举行?众所周知,中国正在海南全岛建设自由贸易试验区和中国特色自由贸易港,巴基斯坦正在瓜达尔建设自由贸易区。由此可见,第二次中巴外长战略对话的重点是经贸合作以及全面推进中巴经济走廊建设问题。


库雷希特别强调,他此次访华得到伊姆兰·汗政府和巴基斯坦军方授权。他表示,这是一次"非常重要的中国之行"。巴基斯坦外交部表示,"对话期间,双方将讨论新冠疫情、双边关系以及共同关心的地区和国际问题。"


中国外交部发言人表示,当前,国际和地区形势正在发生复杂变化,特别是新冠肺炎疫情深刻改变着世界。中巴作为全天候战略合作伙伴,有必要进一步加强沟通合作,共同应对外部挑战,携手实现更大发展,更好造福两国人民。相信此次战略对话将进一步增进两国战略互信,推动各领域务实合作,促进两国在国际和地区事务方面的紧密协作。


中巴外长战略对话是2018年11月巴基斯坦总理访华期间两国领导人达成的重要共识,旨在统筹协调各领域交往与合作,为双边关系发展提出政策建议,并就国际和地区问题加强沟通协调,对中巴全天候战略合作伙伴发展具有重要意义。2019年3月,两国举行首次中巴外长战略对话,一致同意继续在涉及彼此核心利益和重大关切的问题上相互坚定支持。


巴基斯坦宏观经济形势良好


在因疫情封锁的5个多月的时间里,巴基斯坦的服务业受到严重冲击;今年4-5月出口呈两位数下降。但是,巴基斯坦的宏观经济形势良好,尤其是外汇储备已增至125亿美元。


姆兰·汗总理执政两年来,巴基斯坦的财政赤字减少170亿美元,经常账户赤字从200亿美元降至30亿美元,外汇储备从85亿美元增至125亿美元,同比增加47%。


今年2月26日出现首例新冠患者后,外资开始撤离巴基斯坦的金融市场,短短3周,外储就减少16亿美元。为减轻资本流出压力,巴基斯坦大幅减少进口


巴基斯坦还采取进一步行动稳定金融市场,比如今年4月,要求燃料零售商和炼油厂取消进口,增加从国内的采购,从而避免外汇流出。
最近两个月,巴基斯坦出口明显反弹。数据显示,6月巴基斯坦出口额为16亿美元,同比增长25%;7月出口同比增长5.8%。


中国投资助力巴基斯坦发展


今年3月,巴基斯坦吸引外国直接投资2.79亿美元,同增长92%,%。数据显示,2013-2018年,巴基斯坦年吸引国外直接投资额由6.5亿美元增至22亿美元,其中来自中国的投资占约占50%。


中国对巴大量投资不仅带动当地经济的发展,而且提高了巴基斯坦的"造血功能"。比如,在中国的帮助下,巴基斯坦发展物流、渔业深加工、货物转口等多个新型行业,从而扩大了巴基斯坦的税收来源。


有效合作抗击新冠肺炎疫情


目前,巴基斯坦新冠肺炎累计确诊病例达29万,中巴两国正就抗疫开展积极合作。据报道,中国医药集团正与巴基斯坦卡拉奇大学合作进行疫苗试验。


作为合作协议的一部分,一旦疫苗完成研发,中国将在最初的生产中为巴方提供足够的疫苗,覆盖该国约1/5人口。


中巴两国就抗击疫情进行了有效合作。8月13日,巴基斯坦接收中国援助的1000台呼吸机。今年以来,中国政府陆续向巴基斯坦援助7个批次的抗疫物资,总重超过106吨。


中巴同舟共济、守望相助,充分体现了两国人民比山高、比海深、比蜜甜的传统友谊。中国政府十分重视支持巴基斯坦抗击疫情,中巴合作抗疫充分表明团结合作是战胜全球性挑战的有力武器。

Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi arrived in Hainan Province, China for a two-day visit, where he will co-chair the second China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Strategic Dialogue with Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi.


Eye-catching dialogue location


Why is the second China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Strategic Dialogue arranged in Hainan province? As we all know, China is building a free trade zone in Hainan, and Pakistan is building a free trade zone in Gwadar. This shows that the focus of the second China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Strategic Dialogue is economic and trade cooperation.


According to a statement by the Foreign Office of Pakistan, during the dialogue, both sides will discuss cooperation on COVID-19, bilateral relations and regional and international issues of mutual interest.


Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi emphasized that his visit to China was authorized by the Imran Khan administration and the Pakistani military. The visit will play an important role in further strengthening China-Pakistan "All-Weather Strategic Cooperative Partnership" and deepening strategic communication and coordination between the two countries on a range of issues.


The first round of the China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Strategic Dialogue took place in March 2019, in which both sides vowed to protect the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor from all kinds of threats.


Pakistan's economy on a good trend


With the close cooperation between China and Pakistan, Pakistan`s foreign exchange reserves have increased by 47%. During the five-month lockdown period, Pakistan's service industry was hit hard, and its exports dropped sharply. From April to May this year, Pakistan's exports showed a double-digit decline. However, during the whole pandemic period, Pakistan's economy has been in a stable developing state, especially the foreign exchange reserves have increased to $12.5 billion. 


During the two years of Imran Khan's administration, Pakistan's fiscal deficit has decreased by $17 billion. In the previous fiscal year, the deficit rate was 8.1%, lower than the expected 9.1%. At the same time, Pakistan's current account deficit has decreased from about $20 billion to about $3 billion.


After the outbreak of the pandemic, Pakistan has significantly reduced imports, thus reducing the pressure on capital outflow from Pakistan. Pakistan has also taken further actions to stabilize financial markets. For example, in April, the Pakistani government instructed fuel retailers and refineries to cancel imports and increase domestic procurement to avoid foreign exchange outflow.


Recently, Pakistan's exports have rebounded significantly. According to the government data, Pakistan's total exports in last June reached $1.6 billion, with an increase of 25%, and exports increased by 5.8% in last July.


Chinese investment helps Pakistan's development


In March this year, Pakistan's foreign investment increased by 92%. In the long run, Pakistan's fiscal and financial accounts cannot be maintained in such a healthy state without the continuous help of Chinese enterprises. Since joining China's large-scale overseas infrastructure initiative, Pakistan has absorbed a large amount of foreign investment. From 2013 to 2018, Pakistan's annual foreign direct investment increased from $650 million to $2.2 billion, of which the investment from China accounts for about half of the total. 


A large amount of overseas investment not only promotes the development of local economy, but also improves Pakistan's "hematopoietic capacity". In the fiscal year of 2017-2018, Pakistan's GDP growth rate reached 5.8%, a record high in 13 years. For example, Pakistan has developed logistics, fishery deep processing, cargo transshipment and other new industries through the development of Gwadar Port, thus opening up new sources of tax revenue. 


It is worth mentioning that under the pandemic situation, Pakistan's increasing trend in attracting foreign direct investment remains unchanged. In March this year, Pakistan attracted $279 million foreign direct investment, with an increase of 92% compared to the same period of the previous year. China continues to be the top direct investment source in Pakistan. 


Effective cooperation in fighting COVID-19


Up to now, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan has reached 290,000, and China and Pakistan are closely cooperating in the fight against the disease. According to the Wall Street Journal on August 15, a Pakistani government official said that China Pharmaceutical Group is having cooperation with Karachi University to conduct vaccine trials. As part of the cooperation agreement, China will provide Pakistan with enough vaccine in the initial production to cover about one fifth of the Pakistani population.


Since the outbreak of COVID-19, China and Pakistan have effectively cooperated in fighting the pandemic. On August 13, Pakistan received 1,000 ventilators from China. Since the beginning of this year, the Chinese government has successively provided seven batches of anti-pandemic materials to Pakistan, with a total weight of more than 106 tons.


责任编辑/唐春云 徐坤阳


作者:成锡忠,察哈尔学会高级研究员、西南政法大学特聘教授、北京中安华盾咨询服务有限公司常务顾问


来源:中国经济网 2020-08-21

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